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Acculturation Model
In SLA, the Acculturation Model is a theory proposed by John Schumann to describe the acquisition process of a second language (L2) by members of ethnic minorities that typically include immigrants, migrant workers, or the children of such groups.〔Ellis (1994), p. 217〕 This very acquisition process takes place in natural contexts of majority language setting. The main suggestion of the theory is that the acquisition of a second language is directly linked to the acculturation process, and learners’ success is determined by the extent to which they can orient themselves to the target language culture.
==Background==
The acculturation model came into light with Schumann’s study of six non-English learners where one learner named Alberto, unlike the other five, had little progress in the acquisition process of English. As Alberto’s lack of progress denied any satisfactory explanation in terms of cognitive development or age, Schumann prompted to attribute Alberto’s failure to his limited contact with native English speakers; that is, the social and psychological distances of Alberto – the two factors Schumann later used to develop his acculturation model – inhibited his achieving sufficient proficiency over his target language.
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